Review of Biodiesel's Performance and Emission in I.C. Engines with and without the Addition of Nano Additive

Fossil fuel storage is depleting, and to maintain present levels of energy consumption, we must develop alternate fuels. Because of low energy levels, power generation and transportation that rely on fossil fuels will face challenges. Because of this circumstance, biodiesel is employed in I.C engines, however, it has significant drawbacks. Biodiesel has a high density, a high fire point, a high fuel consumption, and a significant volume of nitrogen oxides. To avoid these drawbacks, additives are utilized to maintain international fuel standards. This review paper includes studies on biodiesel production, the trans-esterification process, and a comparison of biodiesel with and without nano additions and their effects on performance and emissions.