Review on Development of Smart Self-Energizing Electric Vehicle for Sustainable Mobility

The increasing demand for sustainable transportation has accelerated the development of electric vehicles (EVs). However, conventional EVs rely mainly on external charging infrastructure, which may lead to range limitations and charging delays. This project presents the development of a Smart Self-Energizing Electric Vehicle designed to partially recharge itself by converting kinetic energy generated during motion into electrical energy. The proposed system utilizes a flywheel-driven DC generator that captures rotational motion from the vehicle’s wheel and converts it into electrical power. The generated energy is regulated using a DC-DC boost converter to maintain appropriate voltage levels and then stored in lithium-ion battery cells. An Arduino-based control system integrated with voltage and current sensors continuously monitors the charging process and battery condition. The system also includes an LCD display to show real-time electrical parameters such as voltage, current, and battery status. The stored DC power can directly supply DC loads and can also be converted into AC power using an inverter module for external devices. Additionally, the vehicle supports conventional external charging. This self-energizing design improves energy utilization, reduces range anxiety, and promotes environmentally friendly transportation.