Review on Generating Electrical Energy Using Biogas with Peltier Effect

The project “Generating Electrical Energy Using Biogas with Peltier Effect” focuses on producing renewable electricity from organic waste through the combined principles of biogas production and thermoelectric energy conversion. Biogas, generated via anaerobic digestion of organic matter such as food waste, contains a high percentage of methane, making it an effective and eco-friendly fuel source. The methane-rich biogas is combusted to produce heat, which is then converted into electrical energy using Peltier modules based on the Seebeck effect — where a temperature difference across two semiconductor junctions generates voltage. The study successfully utilized four Peltier diodes to produce approximately 6 volts, sufficient to power small electronic devices such as LED lights and charge mobile phones. This system provides a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels, particularly beneficial for remote and rural areas with limited electricity access. By converting waste into usable energy, this research supports global efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, promote energy recycling, and develop cost-effective renewable power solutions for low-energy applications.