Review on Indole Derivatives and its Pharmacological Applications

Indoles are extensively studied heterocyclic ring systems that have a wide range of applications in various pathophysiological conditions, including cancer, microbial and viral infections, inflammation, depression, migraine, emesis, and hypertension. The presence of the indole nucleus in the amino acid tryptophan makes it a significant component in phytoconstituents such as perfumes, neurotransmitters, auxins (plant hormones), and indole alkaloids. The unique molecular structure of indoles makes them promising candidates for drug development. This review article aims to provide an overview of the chemistry, biology, and toxicology of indoles, with a specific focus on their application as drugs. Our objective is to consolidate the available information on natural indole alkaloids, FDA-approved drugs based on indole, and clinical trial candidates with diverse therapeutic uses. This compilation of information can serve as a reference point for modifying existing ligands and designing novel potent molecules with reduced side effects.