Review on Microspheres: A Novel Approach in Drug Delivery System

A well-designed controlled drug delivery system has the potential to address the limitations of conventional drug therapy and enhance the therapeutic effectiveness of a drug. Microspheres, which are characterized by their particle size being 1-1000 µm, are considered a novel and controlled drug delivery system. The spherical shape of microspheres contributes to their advantageous properties. This review focuses on the utilization of microspheres as a novel drug delivery system. These characteristics can be modified by altering the materials, methods, polymers, or techniques used in the production of microspheres. Microspheres are composed of natural or synthetic polymers. They are utilized in drug delivery systems to achieve prolonged or controlled drug release, enhancing bioavailability, stability, and action at specific sites at predetermined rates. Microspheres can be manufactured using various natural or synthetic materials. Different types of microspheres include bio adhesive, magnetic, floating, radioactive, polymeric, biodegradable polymeric, and synthetic polymeric microspheres. These microspheres are prepared using methods such as spray drying, solvent evaporation, single emulsion technique, double emulsion technique, phase separation coacervation technique, spray drying and spray congealing, solvent extraction, and quasi-emulsion solvent diffusion. Microspheres have a wide range of applications and evaluation parameters.