Review on Past, Present and Future Rocket Propulsion Technologies

This paper offers a comprehensive exploration of the past, present, and future of rocket propulsion technologies. It begins by tracing the evolution of propulsion systems from their early innovations to the sophisticated systems that have propelled modern aerospace advancements. Through an in-depth review of historical propulsion systems, their design principles, and operational challenges, the paper illuminates the foundational technologies that have shaped contemporary rocket propulsion. This historical perspective provides valuable insights into the ingenuity and persistence of early rocket scientists, highlighting lessons that could inform future innovations. The technologies used in the present era of rocket propulsion are traced and discussed. Building on this foundation, the paper delves into emerging technologies and concepts poised to revolutionize space travel. These include the novelty in the use of atmospheric gas as reaction mass to address the mass problem in traditional propulsion, advancements in green oxidizers like nitroform and FOX-7 to reduce environmental impact, and the ambitious concept of antimatter annihilation rocket engines. The potential for faster-than-light travel through warp drives based on quantum field theory is explored, alongside the challenges and potentials of Nuclear Thermal Propulsion (NTP) systems, gel propellants, and pulse laser propulsion. The paper also addresses the formidable challenge of gravity-controlled propulsion, aiming to provide a holistic view of the technological landscape that could drive the next era of space exploration.