Review on Semi-Autonomous Robots for Satellite Maintenance and Refueling

As the number of satellites in Earth’s orbit continues to grow, the need for efficient satellite servicing solutions becomes increasingly pressing. Currently, about 9,900 satellites are in orbit, with over 3,300 of these being inactive, posing a threat as space debris. Traditional methods for satellite maintenance and refueling are complex, expensive, and risky. The development of semi-autonomous robots, powered by advancements in artificial intelligence and robotics, presents a more efficient alternative. These robots can perform complex maintenance and refueling tasks with minimal human intervention, reducing costs and risks associated with satellite servicing. This paper investigates the design, technological advancements, and operational strategies behind these robots, and how they can mitigate space debris while enhancing the sustainability of satellite operations.