SELF POWER GENERATION IN ELECTRICAL VEHICLE USING DRIWING WHEEL POWER ELECTRONICS

T h i s p a p e r p r e s e n t s t h e d e s i g n a n d i m p l e m e n t a t i o n o f a s e l f p o w e r g e n e r a t i o n s y s t e m f o r e l e c t r i c v e h i c l e s u s i n g t h e r o t a t i o n a l m o t i o n o f t h e d r i v i n g w h e e l . T h e m a i n o b j e c t i v e o f t h e s y s t e m i s t o r e d u c e t h e d e p e n d e n c y o n e x t e r n a l c h a r g i n g s o u r c e s a n d i m p r o v e o v e r a l l e n e r g y e f f i c i e n c y . I n t h i s p r o j e c t , a D C m o t o r i s u s e d a s a g e n e r a t o r , w h i c h p r o d u c e s e l e c t r i c a l e n e r g y w h e n t h e v e h i c l e w h e e l r o t a t e s d u r i n g m o t i o n . T h e g e n e r a t e d e n e r g y i s m o n i t o r e d a n d c o n t r o l l e d u s i n g a n A r d u i n o – b a s e d s y s t e m , w h i c h h e l p s i n m e a s u r i n g v o l t a g e , t e m p e r a t u r e , a n d o v e r a l l p e r f o r m a n c e o f t h e s y s t e m . S e n s o r s a r e u s e d t o c o l l e c t r e a l – t i m e d a t a , a n d t h e o u t p u t i s d i s p l a y e d u s i n g a n L C D m o d u l e . T h e g e n e r a t e d p o w e r c a n b e u s e d f o r c h a r g i n g t h e b a t t e r y o r f o r r u n n i n g s m a l l e l e c t r i c a l c o m p o n e n t s l i k e L E D s a n d i n d i c a t o r s . T h i s s y s t e m n o t o n l y i m p r o v e s t h e u t i l i z a t i o n o f m e c h a n i c a l e n e r g y b u t a l s o h e l p s i n r e d u c i n g e n e r g y w a s t a g e . I t p r o v i d e s a s i m p l e , l o w – c o s t , a n d e f f e c t i v e s o l u t i o n f o r e n h a n c i n g t h e p e r f o r m a n c e o f e l e c t r i c v e h i c l e s . T h e e x p e r i m e n t a l r e s u l t s s h o w t h a t t h e s y s t e m w o r k s e f f i c i e n t l y u n d e r d i f f e r e n t o p e r a t i n g c o n d i t i o n s a n d c a n b e f u r t h e r d e v e l o p e d f o r r e a l – t i m e a p p l i c a t i o n s i n f u t u r e s m a r t v e h i c l e s . The experimental testing of the proposed system shows that it operates effectively in real-time conditions and produces stable output with minimal delay. The system is capable of generating electrical energy from the rotational motion of the vehicle’s driving wheel and maintains consistent performance under different operating speeds. Compared to traditional electric vehicles, the proposed solution improves energy utilization by converting mechanical energy into electrical energy, thereby reducing dependency on external charging sources. It also minimizes energy loss and enhances overall efficiency with the help of a simple Arduino-based monitoring and control system. The design is cost-effective, requires minimal maintenance, and does not involve complex components, making it easy to implement. Due to its simplicity, scalability, and efficiency, the system is suitable for small-scale electric vehicles, educational prototypes, and can be further developed for real-world smart transportation applications.