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Stream/Area:
-
Subject:
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Paper ID:
10.55041/IJSREM.ISTCESD041
Volume:
10 |
9 |
Sep 2026
Pages:
1-5
Publication Frequency:
Monthly (12 issues per year)
License:International Journal of Scientific Research in Engineering and Management follows the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0) License, allowing free use and distribution with proper attribution.
Department of Zoology
Kai. Rasika Mahavidyalaya Deoni
Department of Zoology
Kai. Rasika Mahavidyalaya Deoni
Organophosphate (OP) pesticides remain among the most widely used and most toxicologically consequential agrochemicals in the world, and their capacity to injure organs far beyond the nervous system is increasingly recognised. This paper draws exclusively on serum urea data generated in a controlled 90-day toxicological study of methyl parathion (MT) and chlorpyrifos (CfT) in albino rats (Rattus norvegicus) to examine what a single, inexpensive renal biomarker can reveal about the systemic burden imposed by OP exposure on a living body. Eighteen adult albino rats were divided into control, methyl-parathion-treated (5 mg/kg body weight), and chlorpyrifos-treated (10 mg/kg body weight) groups and dosed daily by oral gavage. Serum urea was assayed on Day 1, Day 21, and Day 90 using a urease-GLDH method. Baseline urea values were 11.63, 13.57 and 15.02 mg/dL in the control, MT and CfT groups respectively. By Day 21, urea had risen to 15.39 mg/dL in the control group, 18.27 mg/dL in the MT group and 24.01 mg/dL in the CfT group. By Day 90, the values had reached 14.98, 24.17 and 30.66 mg/dL respectively, representing increases of roughly 29%, 78% and 104% over baseline in the control, MT and CfT groups. One-way ANOVA on the pooled dataset confirmed that these differences were statistically significant (F = 5.68, p = 0.01). Taken together, the data indicate that both compounds progressively impair renal handling of nitrogenous waste, that this impairment intensifies with duration of exposure, and that chlorpyrifos exerts the more severe nephrotoxic effect of the two compounds at the doses tested. These findings reinforce the case for serum urea as a sensitive, low-cost early-warning marker of OP-induced organ damage in exposed biological systems, including humans.
KEYWORDS
Serum urea, examined in isolation from a larger organophosphate toxicology study, demonstrates a clear, dose- and time-dependent nephrotoxic signature in albino rats exposed to methyl parathion and chlorpyrifos. Values rose modestly and non-significantly during the first three weeks of exposure but climbed to a statistically significant, and physiologically substantial, elevation by 90 days, with chlorpyrifos producing the more severe effect (a 104% rise over baseline) compared with methyl parathion (78%) and control animals (29%). These results reinforce the understanding that organophosphate pesticides inflict cumulative systemic harm well beyond their well-known neurotoxic action, and that renal biomarkers such as urea — cheap, accessible, and already validated here — deserve a central place in both experimental toxicology and the ongoing surveillance of populations exposed to these widely used agrochemicals.
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Publication Date
9/28/2026
Peer Review Type
Double-Blind Peer Review
Review Rounds: 2
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