SLOPE STABILITY ANALYSIS AND LANDSLIDE MITIGATION

This review paper synthesized slope stability analysis and landslide mitigation literature with emphasis on Indian case studies. The evidence shows that rainfall-induced pore-pressure rise, weak weathered lithology, steep terrain, poor drainage, toe cutting and land-use change are the most recurring causes of slope instability in India. Konkan and Western Ghats slopes require special attention because lateritic soil, weathered basalt, high monsoon rainfall and expanding infrastructure create repeated shallow-slide and debris-flow hazards. Limit-equilibrium methods remain useful for routine FoS assessment, but Indian monsoon slopes require coupled seepage-stability modelling, remote sensing, GIS-based susceptibility analysis and field monitoring. Case studies from Konkan Railway, Malin, Chamoli, Kormala and Nilgiris show that slope failures are site-specific and mechanism-dependent. Drainage, soil nailing, geogrids, gabions, retaining walls, bioengineering, zoning and early warning should therefore be applied as integrated mitigation packages rather than isolated solutions. The main research gap is the lack of validated, multi-parameter, site-specific studies that combine geotechnical testing, rainfall analysis, uncertainty modelling and mitigation comparison for Indian regions such as Konkan. Future research should build calibrated numerical models, include probabilistic sensitivity analysis, quantify life-cycle mitigation performance and connect engineering design with community-level risk reduction.

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