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Stream/Area:
-
Subject:
-
Paper ID:
IJSREM62081
Volume:
10 |
4 |
April 2026
Pages:
1-9
Publication Frequency:
Monthly (12 issues per year)
License:International Journal of Scientific Research in Engineering and Management follows the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0) License, allowing free use and distribution with proper attribution.
Electronics & Tele Communication
Genba Sopanrao Moze Collage Of Engineering Balewadi
Electronics & Tele Communication
Genba Sopanrao Moze Collage Of Engineering Balewadi
Electronics & Tele Communication
Genba Sopanrao Moze Collage Of Engineering Balewadi
Electronics & Tele Communication
Genba Sopanrao Moze Collage Of Engineering Balewadi
Electronics & Tele Communication
Genba Sopanrao Moze Collage Of Engineering Balewadi
The increasing number of road accidents due to delayed human reaction and lack of timely braking has created a need for intelligent vehicle safety systems. This project presents the design and implementation of an automatic braking system using an ESP32 microcontroller integrated with ultrasonic and tilt sensors. The proposed system continuously monitors the surrounding environment by measuring the distance between the vehicle and nearby obstacles using an ultrasonic sensor based on the time-of-flight principle. In addition, a tilt sensor is employed to detect any abnormal inclination or instability of the vehicle, which may indicate unsafe driving conditions. The ESP32 microcontroller acts as the central processing unit, receiving input data from the sensors, analyzing it in real time, and making decisions based on predefined safety thresholds. When the detected distance falls below a critical limit or when a tilt condition is identified, the system automatically activates the braking mechanism by controlling a motor driver connected to a DC motor, thereby reducing or stopping the motion to prevent potential collisions. Furthermore, an LCD display is incorporated into the system to provide real-time feedback, including distance measurements and system status such as safe operation, warning, or brake activation. The entire system is powered by a 3.7V battery, with a DC-DC boost converter used to ensure appropriate voltage levels for all components. The proposed system is cost-effective, compact, and suitable for prototype and low-speed vehicle applications. It demonstrates the effectiveness of combining sensor- based detection with embedded control for improving vehicle safety. This work also provides a foundation for future advancements, such as integration with IoT platforms, advanced sensing technologies, and intelligent decision-making algorithms for real-world automotive applications.
KEYWORDS
The automatic braking system developed using the ESP32 microcontroller, ultrasonic sensor, and tilt sensor provides an effective solution for improving vehicle safety. The system successfully detects obstacles and unstable conditions in real time and responds quickly by applying braking action. The integration of sensors with an embedded control unit ensures accurate detection and fast decision-making. This project demonstrates a low-cost, compact, and reliable system suitable for prototype and low-speed applications. The use of a 3.7V battery with proper voltage regulation ensures efficient operation of all components. Overall, the system helps in reducing accidents caused by human error and delayed response. It also provides a strong foundation for future improvements using advanced technologies such as IoT and intelligent control systems.he proposed automatic braking system using an ESP32 microcontroller, ultrasonic sensor, and tilt sensor effectively enhances vehicle safety by detecting obstacles and unstable conditions in real time. The system processes sensor data quickly and applies braking automatically, reducing the risk of accidents caused by human delay. The integration of a motor driver, DC motor, and LCD display ensures proper control and monitoring of the system. Powered by a 3.7V battery with voltage regulation, the system is cost-effective, compact, and suitable for prototype applications, with potential for further improvements in advanced vehicle safety systems.
[1] Patil, A. S., & Deshmukh, R. V. (2023). Development of an automatic braking system using ultrasonic sensors and ESP32. International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology, 12(5), 210– 215. [2] Sharma, P., & Verma, S. (2022). Smart vehicle safety system using obstacle detection and embeddedcontrol. International Journal of Innovative Research in Science and Engineering, 8(4), 145–150. [3] Kulkarni, M. A., & Jadhav, P. D. (2024). Design and implementation of automatic braking system using ultrasonic and tilt sensors. International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical Engineering, 11(2), 98–104. [4] Reddy, K. V., & Kumar, N. (2021). IoT- based vehicle collision avoidance system using ESP32. International Journal of Engineering and Computer Science, 10(7), 25678–25683. [5] Singh, R., & Gupta, A. (2023). Embedded system approach for real-time obstacle detection and braking mechanism. Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research, 10(6), 332–337. [6] Espressif Systems. (2020). ESP32 Technical Reference Manual. [7] HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor Datasheet. (2021)
Publication Date
4/30/2026
Peer Review Type
Double-Blind Peer Review
Review Rounds: 2
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Conflict of Interest
The authors declare no conflict of interest related to this research work.
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No funding information available for this research.
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