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Stream/Area:
-
Subject:
-
Paper ID:
IJSREM64397
Volume:
10 |
5 |
May 2026
Pages:
1-6
Publication Frequency:
Monthly (12 issues per year)
License:International Journal of Scientific Research in Engineering and Management follows the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0) License, allowing free use and distribution with proper attribution.
Department of Electrical Engineering
Vidyaniketan College of Engineering Bota
Department of Electrical Engineering
Vidyaniketan College of Engineering Bota
Department of Electrical Engineering
Vidyaniketan College of Engineering Bota
Department of Electrical Engineering
Vidyaniketan College of Engineering Bota
Department of Electrical Engineering
Vidyaniketan College of Engineering Bota
Traditional electromechanical and basic digital meters offer limited visibility into consumption patterns, are prone to manual reading errors, and provide no proactive protection against abnormal electrical conditions. This work presents a low-cost, IoT-enabled smart energy meter that delivers real-time monitoring, anomaly detection, and automated protection while maintaining reliable operation during network outages. The prototype integrates a NodeMCU ESP8266 microcontroller with a ZMPT101B voltage sensor and an ACS712 current sensor to compute RMS voltage/current, active power, and cumulative energy. A lightweight embedded pipeline performs signal conditioning and measurement, triggers over/undervoltage events, and actuates a load cut-off relay for safety. To ensure data continuity, the system adopts an offline-first strategy: measurements are cached in on-board non-volatile memory (EEPROM) when connectivity is unavailable and automatically synchronized to a cloud dashboard once the link is restored. The cloud layer enables live visualization, threshold-based alerts, and remote oversight suitable for residential and small commercial use. The design emphasizes affordability, ease of deployment, and modularity, making it adaptable to diverse installation contexts. Prototype evaluation under common household load profiles confirms stable measurement, timely protection actuation, and seamless data reconciliation after connectivity loss, indicating practical readiness for smart metering, energy awareness, and streamlined utility engagement.
KEYWORDS
This paper presented a low-cost, IoT-enabled smart energy meter that integrates real-time metrology, offline-first data handling, and automated protection. The prototype demonstrates stable measurement, deterministic protection behavior, and seamless data reconciliation after connectivity loss. Future work will focus on higher-accuracy metrology ICs, tamper detection, multi-phase support, prepaid/postpaid billing integration, stronger device security and OTA update mechanisms, and edge analytics for anomaly detection and demand response.
[1] N. Priyanka, K. S. Praveen, and M. Babu, “IoT Based Smart Energy Meter Monitoring System,” International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET), vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 5179–5182, 2019. [2] Report.md S. Gupta and A. Sharma, “Development of IoT-Based Smart Meter for Real-Time Energy Monitoring,” International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET), vol. 7, no. 6, 2021. [3] Smart Energy Me...torage.pdf R. Ramya and S. Rajasekar, “IoT Based Smart Energy Meter Using ESP8266,” International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical, Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering (IJAREEIE), vol. 9, no. 5, 2021. [4] Smart Energy Me...orage.pptx R. Mehta and P. Patel, “Smart Power Management System Using IoT,” International Journal of Engineering Science and Computing (IJESC), vol. 10, no. 3, 2020. [5] Smart Energy Me...Paper.docx Espressif Systems, ESP8266EX Technical Reference Manual. Shanghai, China: Espressif Systems, 2018. [Online]. Available: https://www.espressif.com [6] Allegro MicroSystems, ACS712 Hall-Effect Linear Current Sensor IC, datasheet, 2019. Manchester, NH, USA: Allegro MicroSystems. [Online]. Available: https://www.allegromicro.com [7] Components101, ZMPT101B Voltage Sensor Module. [Online]. Available: https://components101.com [8] Analog Devices, ADE7753: Single-Phase Multifunction Energy Metering IC, datasheet, 2012. Norwood, MA, USA: Analog Devices. [Online]. Available: https://www.analog.com [9] Arduino, Arduino IDE User Guide. Somerville, MA, USA: Arduino LLC. [Online]. Available: https://www.arduino.cc/en/Guide/HomePage [10] IEEE Standards Association, IEEE Standard for Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications, IEEE Std 802.11, 1997.
Publication Date
6/1/2026
Peer Review Type
Double-Blind Peer Review
Review Rounds: 2
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Conflict of Interest
The authors declare no conflict of interest related to this research work.
Funding Information
No funding information available for this research.
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