Smart public Garbage bin and overflow prevention system using iot

The waste management systems which developed cities across the world currently use face essential problems because their predetermined waste collection schedules do not correspond with actual waste generation times. This failure results in waste containers reaching capacity while public areas become unsightly and rodent populations spread diseases and the city spends more than 120 dollars per ton of processed waste. The research presents a complete Smart Public Garbage Bin and Overflow Prevention System which uses Internet of Things (IoT) technology to change waste collection from a reactive approach into a data- based operational model. The system architecture integrates ultrasonic HC-SR04 sensors which provide 0.02m accuracy for monitoring fill levels with ESP32 microcontrollers that perform edge processing and use MQTT protocol over WiFi/LoRaWAN to send real-time data to the AWS IoT Core cloud system. The machine learning algorithms use a combination of 30-day historical fill patterns and current population density and weather conditions and special event data to forecast overflow chances with 95