Solar Measurement using Arduino

This paper presents the design and development of a low-power, cost-effective dual-axis solar tracker (DAST) to enhance photovoltaic (PV) energy generation. The system utilizes LDR sensors to detect solar irradiance and a microcontroller-based control unit to orient the PV panel toward maximum sunlight throughout the day. At night, the panel automatically returns to a horizontal position to protect the mechanical structure. A 12V battery charging system is integrated to power the tracker and associated electronics. Experimental analysis shows that the proposed DAST improves energy capture efficiency and reduces the payback period of a PV plant by approximately 8% compared to fixed systems.