Recent Innovations in Bismuth-Based Photocatalysts for Water Splitting and Green Hydrogen Production

Due to the rapid advancements in Science and technology there are many problems with regard to the energy crisis ,environmental pollution and medical field due to which there is an urgent need to develop new technologies to achieve long term sustainable society. Photocatalysis is one such mechanism which would contribute to the clean and green environment. Hydrogen alternative energy source considered to be future clean energy finding many applications in domestic , automobile and industries[1].The most promising way of photocatalytic H2 production from water due three reasons 1) This methodology makes use of solar energy which is renewable source 2) Ecofriendly technology as it leads to the generation of harmless by-products and  3) Process converts solar to Hydrogen,a storable energy form .Often it is difficult to get an ideal photocatalyst which would meet all the requirements necessary for hydrogen production an alternative form of energy source.Nanotechnology is a promising field for the development of new class of materials that boosted the modification of existing photocatalyst.[2] As illustrated in fig(1) which shows a rapid increase in the number of scientific findings which clearly constitutes bibliography related to the  current topic. As mentioned in the fig(1) from 2004 there is great increase in the number of publications in the field of production of hydrogen by nanocatalysts by a factor of 1.5 times per year.This clearly depicts the impact studied in different papers on nanomaterials for their energy conversion efficiency by nanoscale properties[3].

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