Dual Axis Solar Tracking System using LDR Sensor

This paper presents the design and development of a single-axis solar tracking system aimed at enhancing the energy efficiency of photovoltaic (PV) panels. The proposed system utilizes a low-cost, motor-driven mechanism to move the solar panel along a single axis, following the sun’s movement from east to west throughout the day. The tracking is controlled using a microcontroller system in combination with light-dependent resistors (LDRs) that detect the intensity of sunlight on either side of the panel. Based on the input from the LDRs, the microcontroller adjusts the motor to position the panel for optimal sunlight exposure. The system’s performance is evaluated and compared with static PV systems, demonstrating an increase in energy efficiency by approximately 20-25%. The motorized design offers a simple, effective, and affordable solution for maximizing solar energy generation, making it suitable for both residential and commercial solar installations. The paper further discusses the hardware and software design of the system, as well as its potential for improving solar power utilization in areas with limited space or irregular sunlight conditions.