SoleShield

The footwear industry is a significant contributor to environmental degradation, primarily due to the extensive use of synthetic materials, carbon-intensive manufacturing processes, and non-biodegradable waste accumulation. In recent years, the industry has recognized the need for sustainability, leading to the emergence of eco-friendly shoe materials. This paper critically examines the innovations, challenges, and future prospects of sustainable footwear materials, drawing insights from scholarly literature indexed in Scopus and ABDC journals. Natural and plant-based materials such as Pinatex (pineapple leather), Mylo (mushroom leather), apple leather, hemp, and organic cotton have garnered attention for their eco-friendly properties, including biodegradability, reduced water consumption, and minimal carbon footprint. Additionally, recycled materials such as recycled polyethylene terephthalate, repurposed rubber, upcycled textile waste, and paper-based fibers contribute to the circular economy by reducing landfill waste and lowering resource consumption. Further, bio-fabrication technologies, including algae-based foams and microbial leather, are revolutionizing the industry by offering sustainable alternatives to petroleum-based components.