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Stream/Area:
-
Subject:
-
Paper ID:
IJSREM65430
Volume:
10 |
6 |
Jun 2026
Pages:
1-7
Publication Frequency:
Monthly (12 issues per year)
License:International Journal of Scientific Research in Engineering and Management follows the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0) License, allowing free use and distribution with proper attribution.
C.E.O
V.K. Supreme Consultants Pvt. Ltd.
Assistant Professor
Faculty of Architecture & Planning, Jagannath University, Jaipur, India
Rapid urbanization in India has increasingly shifted focus from saturated metropolitan hubs to tier-2 cities, which are experiencing accelerated spatial expansion often characterized by unplanned sprawl and fragmented morphologies. This study investigates the spatial urban growth dynamics of Bareilly, a prominent tier-2 urban centre in Uttar Pradesh, to elucidate the patterns, intensity, and driving forces of its expansion over recent decades. Leveraging multi-temporal remote sensing data and Geographic Information Systems (GIS), the research employs advanced classification techniques, such as Maximum Likelihood Classification, to map Land Use/Land Cover(LULC) transitions with high accuracy. Spatial metrics, including the Urban Expansion Intensity Index (UEII) and Landscape Expansion Index (LEI), are utilized to quantify the spatiotemporal dynamics of built-up areas, distinguishing between infill, edge, and spontaneous growth types. The analysis reveals a significant conversion of agricultural and vegetative lands into impervious surfaces, driven primarily by population pressure, industrial decentralization, and infrastructure development along major transportation corridors. Results indicate a trend towards dispersed and fragmented urban patches, particularly in peri-urban zones, which complicates service delivery and exacerbates environmental degradation. Furthermore, spatial entropy models highlight increasing dispersion in urban growth, suggesting a departure from compact, sustainable development trajectories. The findings underscore the critical need for integrating predictive modelling, such as Cellular Automata and Markov Chain simulations, into urban planning frameworks to manage future expansion scenarios effectively. By providing a comprehensive assessment of Bareilly’s urban trajectory, this study contributes to the broader understanding of tier-2 city dynamics in developing nations and offers evidence-based recommendations for sustainable urban governance and infrastructure planning.
KEYWORDS
The spatial urban growth dynamics of Bareilly, as a representative tier-2 urban centre in India, reflect broader trends of rapid, often unplanned urbanization characteristic of developing economies. By leveraging remote sensing, GIS, and spatial metrics, it is possible to quantify and analyze the patterns, drivers, and implications of this growth. The evidence suggests that Bareilly’s expansion is marked by fragmentation, peri-urban transformation, and a heavy reliance on transportation corridors, leading to significant environmental and socio-economic challenges. Addressing these issues requires a proactive planning approach that integrates predictive modelling, sustainable infrastructure development, and regional decentralization strategies. Future research should focus on longitudinal studies to track the long-term impacts of these growth dynamics and evaluate the effectiveness of emerging planning interventions in tier-2 cities. To enforce and achieve smart and vibrant Bareilly, there must be 1. Spatial Regulation: Implement strict zoning to protect fertile agricultural land from further unplanned residential encroachment. 2. Economic Diversification: Leverage the city's status as an educational and medical hub to attract service-sector MSMEs and invest in solar energy for government buildings. Bareilly stands at a crossroads. While its demographic and regional position offers immense potential, the prevalence of unplanned growth and infrastructure deficits poses a risk to its long-term sustainability. The GIS-based Master Plan would definitely provide the necessary technical framework to transition Bareilly into a "Smart" and "Vibrant" economic centre.
1. Waza, A. U. D., et al. "Geospatial analysis of peri urban expansion and growth drivers around Patna Municipal Corporation Bihar, India." Discover Cities, 2026. 2. Krishnaveni, K. S., and P. P. Anil kumar. "Spatio-temporal dynamics of urban sprawl in a rapidly urbanizing city using machine learning classification." Geocarto International, 2022. 3. Mohabey, D. P., et al. "Urban growth trend analysis of proposed Greater Silchar City, India, using landscape metrics and Shannon entropy model." Environment Development and Sustainability, 2023. 4. Prakash, K., et al. "Analyzing Spatial and Geometrical Patterns of Tiruchirappalli and Tier-Urban Centers Using Spatial Metrics." Journal of Landscape Ecology, 2023. 5. Sheladiya, K. P., and C. R. Patel. "The Impacts of Urban Growth Drivers on the Spatial and Temporal Pattern of City Expansion." Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing, 2023. 6. Mahata, D., et al. "Urban expansion influences on land use and land cover changes in Kolkata metropolitan region: a geo-spatial study." GeoJournal, 2024. 7. Rath, S. S., et al. "Analyzing the Fragmentation of Urban Footprints in Eastern and Southern Indian Cities and Driving Factors." Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing, 2022. 8. Jha, D. K., et al. "Urban sprawl assessment using integrated spatial and statistical analysis in the heritage city Varanasi, India." Discover Cities, 2025. 9. Prakash, K., et al. "Assessment of differential urbanization using spatial entropy model for Tiruchirappalli urban and tier towns, India." Letters in Spatial and Resource Sciences, 2023. 10. Barman, S., et al. "Unveiling urban sprawl and sustainable growth: A Geospatial Analysis of Midnapore Kharagpur Development Authority (MKDA), India." GeoJournal, 2024.
Publication Date
6/24/2026
Peer Review Type
Double-Blind Peer Review
Review Rounds: 2
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