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Stream/Area:
-
Subject:
-
Paper ID:
10.55041/IJSREM56967
Volume:
10 |
2 |
Feb 2026
Pages:
Publication Frequency:
Monthly (12 issues per year)
License:International Journal of Scientific Research in Engineering and Management follows the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0) License, allowing free use and distribution with proper attribution.
Very Low Frequency (VLF) electromagnetic signals in the range of 1–30 kHz are widely used for investigating ionospheric and magnetospheric processes. These signals are typically non‑stationary and contain transient components arising from lightning discharges, power‑line interference, and seismic disturbances. Traditional Fourier Transform techniques provide global frequency information but lack temporal localization. This paper presents a detailed investigation of Fourier Transform (FT), Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), and Short Time Fourier Transform (STFT) for spectral analysis of VLF transients. The limitations associated with fixed resolution analysis are discussed, and the results demonstrate the importance of time–frequency representation for non‑stationary geophysical signals.
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Publication Date
2/26/2026
Peer Review Type
Double-Blind Peer Review
Review Rounds: 2
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The authors declare no conflict of interest related to this research work.
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