Speed Control of BLDC Motor Fed from Solar PV Array Using Gray Wolf Optimization

This paper explores the design and implementation of a Fractional Order Proportional-Integral Derivative (FOPID) controller for Brushless DC (BLDC) motors, specifically aimed at improving electric vehicle (EV) performance. BLDC motors are known for their efficiency, compact size, and precise control. However, their nonlinear dynamics and sensitivity to load variations present significant challenges for traditional Proportional Integral-Derivative (PID) controllers, which often struggle under dynamic conditions. The proposed FOPID controller incorporates fractional-order parameters, offering greater flexibility and control precision. A detailed mathematical model of the BLDC motor is developed, including power balance equations and current analysis, to establish a solid foundation for control design. Using MATLAB/Simulink, the system’s performance is simulated and evaluated under conditions like step inputs, load disturbances, and gradual speed changes. The FOPID controller consistently demonstrates better results than conventional PID methods, including reduced overshoot, faster settling times, and improved torque and speed stability. This work addresses key challenges such as parameter tuning and system stability, providing a scalable and efficient solution for BLDC motor control in real-world EV applications. These findings support the development of more energy-efficient and reliable motor control strategies for the next generation of electric vehicles.