Strength Characteristics of M20 Grade Concrete Incorporating Eggshell Powder, Silica Fume, and GGBS as Cement Replacements

The modern construction requires very large amounts of raw materials, and the rising cost of cement has led researchers to look for sustainable alternatives. Cement production uses a lot of energy and causes environmental pollution. Therefore, eco-friendly supplementary materials are needed. Eggshell Powder (ESP), Silica Fume (SF), and Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS) are promising options because of their cementitious and pozzolanic properties. ESP is a calcium-rich agricultural waste, while SF and GGBS are industrial by-products. These materials can improve concrete strength, durability, and sustainability while reducing cement use and environmental impact. This study examines the mechanical performance of M20 grade concrete with partial cement replacement using ESP, SF, and GGBS at 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30%. We were using Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) 43 grade. Concrete cubes and cylinders were cast and tested to find the best replacement level. The compressive and split tensile strength were determined after 7 and 28 days of curing. The aim is to find the most effective combination of ESP, SF, and GGBS that can replace part of cement without reducing concrete durability and strength. The results provided useful insights for using agricultural and industrial waste in sustainable construction.