STUDIES ON EARLY DETECTION OF MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS USING NANOTECHNOLGY

MTB and other mycobacterium are biologically part of Gram positive group. MTB is an acid fast bacillus , straight or slightly curved rod of 0.2 to 0.8 microns in size occurring singly ,in pair, clumps or chains .The use cell wall of MTB consist lipid layer composed with mycolic acid, polysaccharides, peptidoglycans plasma-membrane, lipoarabinomannan,phosphatidylinositol and mannoside . The MTB is comprised by a remarkably protein rich cell wall . The peptiogycan complex of MTB is crucial and it maintains basal structure associated with outer layer of myco-membrane; lipoarabinomannan helps to link peptidoglycan with the external mycolic acid . TB is caused by bacteria which is spread from person to person through air . However , HIV reduces the sensitivity of TB microscopy because ofimmediate killing of TB bacilli by alveolar macrophages. This is achieved using different bactericidal mechanism such as reactive nitrogen species and oxygen interemediate . However , the bacilli may survive in 25-505 of infected individual and continue to divide with macrophages cytoplasma . The macrophages then present the mycobacterial antigen to CD4+ lymphocytes.