Study and Analysis of Fluoride Contamination in Drinking Water with different Stages

Drinking water is the biggest contributor to daily fluoride intake. The dissolution of fluorine-containing rock minerals is a natural source of fluorides in groundwater, while the use of phosphate fertilizers, sewage sludge, or pesticides is the artificial source of fluoride in groundwater and surface water. Fluoride concentrations that exceed the standards cause fluorosis of the teeth and skeleton. Fluoride toxicity can also cause non-skeletal conditions such as joint aches and pains, non-ulcer dyspepsia, polyuria (a tendency to urinate frequently), polydipsia (excessive urgency), muscle weakness, fatigue, and anemia with low hemoglobin levels.