Survey Paper on Seamless Biometric Payment Systems

Biometric-based digital payment systems are emerging as a secure and inclusive alternative to traditional mobile-based UPI transactions. These systems enable users to perform seamless financial operations without requiring smartphones, internet connectivity, or advanced digital literacy. By integrating Aadhaar fingerprint and iris authentication with the NPCI-UPI framework, biometric payment technology facilitates real-time transactions through self-service biometric terminals. Multi-layered security mechanisms such as SHA-256 hashing, SSL/TLS encryption, and token-based authentication help mitigate threats like QR code fraud and SIM-swap attacks. Experimental evaluations across various implementations demonstrate up to 98.7% biometric authentication accuracy, a 96.5% transaction success rate, and processing speeds comparable to conventional UPI applications. This technology plays a vital role in advancing financial inclusion by empowering underserved populations—including rural communities and elderly citizens—to access secure, cashless services, aligning with India’s vision of a robust and inclusive digital economy.