SURVEYING USING DRONE TECHNOLOGY AND DGPS INTEGRATION

This review paper concludes that surveying using drone technology integrated with DGPS is a modern, efficient, and highly valuable approach for civil engineering surveying [4], [8]. The combination of UAV-based aerial data collection and DGPS-based positional correction provides accurate, high-resolution,  and  comprehensive  spatial  information  in significantly less time than conventional surveying methods [10], [13]. The study highlights that drone-DGPS integration is especially useful for topographic mapping, route surveys, construction monitoring, earthwork estimation, and difficult terrain surveys [16],[18]. Although challenges such as cost, regulations, weather limitations, and technical expertise remain, the advantages of speed, safety, coverage, and data richness make this technology increasingly important in modern civil engineering practice [7], [8], [19].

[1]   B. C. Punmia, Ashok Kumar Jain, Arun Kumar Jain, Surveying Vol. I, Laxmi Publications. [2]  S. K. Duggal, Surveying Vol. I & II, Tata McGraw Hill. [3]    R. Subramanian, Surveying and Levelling, Oxford University Press. [4]    Paul R. Wolf and Charles D. Ghilani, Elementary Surveying: An Introduction to Geomatics. [5]  National Building Code (NBC), India – Surveying and Site Planning Provisions. [6]  IS Codes related to Surveying and Mapping Practices. [7]  DGCA India, Drone Rules / UAV Operation Guidelines. [8]  IJERT Papers on UAV Surveying and Photogrammetry Applications. [9]  IRJET Papers on Drone Surveying in Civil Engineering. [10]   IJRAR / IJSRET Papers on Topographic Mapping using Drones. [11]  Research Papers on Smart Surveying Technologies in Civil Engineering. [12] GNSS and DGPS Technical Manuals / DGPS Surveying Studies. [13]     Pix4D / Agisoft Metashape Documentation on Photogrammetry and GCP Processing. [14]    RTK and PPK Survey Method Studies in UAV Mapping. [15]  GIS and Remote Sensing Journals on Orthomosaic and DEM Generation. [16]   Mine Surveying and Earthwork Volume Estimation using UAV Case Studies. [17]         Construction      Monitoring      using      UAV-based Photogrammetry Research Papers. [18]   Route Alignment and Corridor Mapping using UAV and GNSS Studies. [19]    Disaster Mapping, Floodplain Survey, and River Monitoring using UAVs. [20]   Recent Civil Engineering Journal Papers on Drone-based Survey Integration.