Sustainable Alternatives to Electric Energy: An Exploration of Car Engine Fuels for a Greener Future

The global transition towards sustainable transportation is gaining momentum, with electric vehicles (EVs) being widely promoted as the most viable solution to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from the automotive sector. However, for many regions and industries, the shift to fully electric vehicles may not be immediately feasible owing to various economic, infrastructural, and environmental challenges. This study explores alternative sustainable fuels for internal combustion engines (ICEs), such as biofuels, hydrogen, synthetic fuels, and natural gas, which offer a greener alternative to conventional gasoline and diesel without necessitating a full transition to electric energy. By analyzing the environmental, economic, and technological implications of these fuels, this study aims to provide a comprehensive view of their potential to reduce the carbon footprint of the automotive sector.