SUSTAINABLE HIGH- PERFORMANCE CEMENTITIOUS COMPOSITES FOR DURABLE AND LOW- CARBON CIVIL INFRASTRUCTURE

1.       Sustainable high-performance cementitious composites should be assessed through strength, transport resistance, crack control, constructability, carbon, and cost—not compressive strength alone. 2.       A hybrid slag–metakaolin binder can plausibly lower clinker demand and improve later-age transport resistance when proportioning and curing are controlled. 3.       Recycled aggregate is viable within a quality-managed system, but its absorption, grading, and contamination require explicit control. 4.       Fibres enhance post-crack behavior and should be selected with workability and placement method in view. 5.       Performance-based specifications and locally validated trial batches are essential before field adoption.

[1] ASTM C39/C39M, Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens. [2] ASTM C1202, Standard Test Method for Electrical Indication of Concrete’s Ability to Resist Chloride Ion Penetration. [3] ASTM C1585, Standard Test Method for Measurement of Rate of Absorption of Water by Hydraulic-Cement Concretes. [4] ACI Committee 318, Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete, American Concrete Institute. [5] ACI Committee 232, Use of Fly Ash in Concrete, American Concrete Institute. [6] ACI Committee 233, Slag Cement in Concrete and Mortar, American Concrete Institute. [7] EN 206, Concrete—Specification, Performance, Production and Conformity. [8] P. K. Mehta and P. J. M. Monteiro, Concrete: Microstructure, Properties, and Materials, 4th ed. McGraw-Hill. [9] K. L. Scrivener, V. M. John, and E. M. Gartner, “Eco-efficient cements,” Cement and Concrete Research, vol. 114, pp. 2–26, 2018. [10] J. Thomas, A. Sethy, and U. C. Sahoo, “Sustainable concrete materials and durability,” Construction and Building Materials, review literature. [11] fib Model Code for Concrete Structures, International Federation for Structural Concrete. [12] ISO 14040, Environmental Management—Life Cycle Assessment—Principles and Framework.