Synthesis and Characterization of LaFeO₃: A Comprehensive Review

Lanthanum Ferrite (LaFeO₃) is a perovskite oxide with remarkable structural, electrical, and magnetic properties, making it a promising material for applications in catalysis, sensors, and energy storage. This study comprehensively reviews various synthesis techniques, including solid-state reaction, sol-gel, hydrothermal, and combustion methods, emphasizing their influence on phase purity, morphology, and crystallinity. The characterization techniques, such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, and UV-Vis spectroscopy, are discussed to analyze the structural and optical properties. Furthermore, the dielectric and impedance spectroscopy techniques are utilized to examine the electrical properties, while vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) and superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetometry provide insights into the material’s magnetic behavior. Additionally, the effects of doping, annealing temperature, and synthesis parameters on LaFeO₃’s properties are explored. The study concludes with a discussion on current challenges and future prospects for optimizing LaFeO₃ in advanced technological applications.