GLOBAL WARMING

Global warming represents one of the most significant challenges facing humanity in the 21st century. This paper explores the scientific basis of global warming, its major causes, environmental and societal impacts, and potential strategies for mitigation and adaptation. Through a comprehensive review of recent literature and data, the study highlights the urgency of coordinated global action to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and transition toward a more sustainable future. 1. Introduction Global warming refers to the long-term rise in the Earth’s average surface temperature due to human activities, primarily the emission of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O). The phenomenon is closely linked to climate change, encompassing broader changes such as shifts in weather patterns and extreme weather events. Understanding global warming is crucial as it impacts ecological balance, human health, economic stability, and global security. Historical data shows a significant rise in temperatures since the pre-industrial era, correlating strongly with human development and industrial activities.