The Invisible Barrier: A Literature Review of the Glass Ceiling Phenomenon in India and Globally

Despite advancements in equality, women continue to face barriers in leadership positions. This literature review examines the glass ceiling phenomenon, exploring its historical context, persistence, and impact on women leaders. Analyzing 50 studies, this review identifies key factors hindering women’s leadership advancement, including gender bias, stereotyping, organizational culture, lack of mentorship and networking, work-life balance challenges, and policy barriers. The findings highlight the complex interplay of these factors and emphasize the need for diversity and inclusion initiatives, mentorship programs, flexible work arrangements, policy changes, and an intersectional approach to shatter the glass ceiling.