The Role of Robotics in Education: A Comprehensive Review of Technologies, Pedagogies, and Implementation Strategies

Educational robotics (ER) has emerged as a trans- formative tool in modern pedagogy, particularly within primary and secondary education. This survey paper presents a com- prehensive review of current trends, technologies, pedagogical frameworks, and implementation strategies associated with ER. Drawing upon recent empirical studies, systematic reviews, and longitudinal implementations, this work explores the cognitive, emotional, and curricular impacts of robotics-based learning. Key themes include the development of computational thinking, the role of robot personalization and soft robotics, and the importance of student-centered design. Additionally, challenges related to teacher readiness, equity, infrastructure, and policy integration are critically examined. Case studies from Italy, the United States, and global research databases are synthesized to identify effective practices and barriers to adoption. The paper concludes with future research directions and strategic recommendations for educators, policymakers, and technologists. This review aims to inform stakeholders on the potential of ER to enhance learning outcomes and to contribute to a more inclusive, innovative, and interdisciplinary educational landscape.