Therapeutic Profiling of Caffeine And L- Lysine for Periorbital Hyperpigmentation

Periorbital hyperpigmentation (POH), commonly known as dark circles, is a frequent cosmetic concern encountered in dermatological practice. Although it is a benign condition, POH has a significant impact on facial aesthetics and psychological well-being. The etiopathogenesis of POH is multifactorial, involving pigmentary, vascular, structural, and lifestyle-related factors. Due to this heterogeneity, management remains challenging and often requires a multimodal approach. This review summarizes the current understanding of the epidemiology, etiopathogenesis, classification, and management of POH, with special emphasis on the adjunctive role of caffeine and L-lysine in improving periorbital discoloration and skin quality.