TOXIC EFFECT OF UREA AND DAP FERTILIZER ON AMINO ACID CONTENT IN HEPATOPANCREASE AND MUSCLE OF A FRESH WATER CRAB Barytelphusa cunicularis(west-wood)

The food of animals chiefly consists of varied complex organic substances such as carbohydrates, proteins, amino acids and fats. The basic food stuffs get oxidized to meet most of the energy requirements of the animals. The amino acid is a unit of protein are required for growth and repair of tissue and also for the synthesis of various secretions of the body. Besides these, there are a number of substances such as vitamins and inorganic compounds, which the animals can not synthesized and still essential in carrying out both energy yielding and an aerobic growth promoting reactions. In addition to protein, carbohydrate, amino acid and fat requires in animal body, mineral elements which serve structural and physiological functions. The amino acid content in muscle initially increases from 24 hours in Urea and DAP as compare to control and it decreases up to 96 hours in both fertilizer Urea and DAP. Apparently under stress of the fertilizer’s carbohydrate and protein reserves and fats depleted to meet the grater energy demand. It also appears that proteins are broken down to justify the increased energy demand as reflected in increased level of total free amino acidic may be fed into (TCA) cycle as keto acids for energy production as suggested by many workers Kabeer Ahmad, etal.(1978) and Ramalingam and Ramalingam (1982). The total protein content decreased and total free amino acid content increased in the selected tissues like muscle, hepatopancreases and gills of freshwater crab, Barytelphusa guerini after exposure to sub lethal concentration of Hildon (Keshvan, etal., 1983; and Kamble, 1984). Jacob Doss, et al. (2008) observed activity level of protein, free amino acid, and urea in gill, muscle, and brain, liver of Heteropenesta fossils exposed to sublethal concentration of cypermethrin for 7 days and 15 days study, the result indicated a decrease in protein activity with increase in free amino acids, ammonia and urea. The decrease protein activity indicated the accumulation of cypermethrin, which results in the gradual increase in free amino acid, ammonia and urea activities. Madhusudhan Rao, etal. (1984) worked on effect of seven on total protein, free amino acid, pyruvic acid. Alanine amino transferase (AAT)in certain organs of a bivalve mollusc, Lamilliden marginalis, observed that the total protein, free amino acids, pyruvic acid contents showed significant decrease. Kulkami, etal. (2005) studied on impact of Kulkami, etal. (2005) studied on impact of Hildon on biochemical constituents in the fresh water muscle, Lamellidens Corrianus and reported that significant decrease in total protein and total free amino acid content in foot was observed after 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours. The total protein content of hepatopancreas showed no significant decrease after 24 hours. In gills significant decrease in total protein content was observed. Keshvan et al. (2005) studied impact of Hildon. Amino acids are important energy substances, and are involved in specific physiological function. Amino acids vary from species to species, as different metabolism is able to synthesis different substances. Earlier Woolfson (1983) observed amino acids are as source of energy. (Forman Formiaian and Lauterio, 1979), reported that essential amino acid ratios are the key to adequate diet and that high level of a particular protein may actually inhibit growth by providing an excess of one or more amino acids

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