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Stream/Area:
-
Subject:
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Paper ID:
IJSREM67353
Volume:
10 |
9 |
Sep 2026
Pages:
1-8
Publication Frequency:
Monthly (12 issues per year)
License:International Journal of Scientific Research in Engineering and Management follows the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0) License, allowing free use and distribution with proper attribution.
Department of chemistry
SVRM COLLEGE,NAGARAM
Department of chemistry
Government college (Autonomous),Rajahmundry
Department of chemistry
Government Degree College,kothapeta,Dr.B.R Ambedkar konaseema Distr
Department of chemistry
Government College for women (A),Guntur,
Pyrano[2,3-c] pyrazoles are synthetically valuable fused N/O-heterocycles that can be assembled efficiently through multicomponent reactions (MCRs). Their synthesis has attracted sustained interest because a single operation can combine a β-ketoester, hydrazine, malononitrile and an aldehyde to generate a densely functionalized heterocyclic framework. This review critically examines aqueous TPGS-750-M-mediated synthesis of pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazoles, using the 2024 study of Cetin and Bayden as the principal case study. The reported process employs ethyl acetoacetate, hydrazine hydrate, malononitrile and aldehydes in water containing TPGS-750-M, with an optimized condition of 2 wt% TPGS-750-M at 50 °C. The reported substrate series provides 55–99% yields within 6–22 min, while product isolation avoids column chromatography and relies on filtration and ethanol recrystallization. Catalyst-phase reuse was demonstrated for four cycles, with reported yields of 99, 96, 94 and 84%. The study illustrates the potential of designer-surfactant-enabled aqueous chemistry to reduce reliance on conventional organic reaction media. However, a critical assessment shows that the sustainability claim requires quantitative qualification because ethanol remains part of the work-up, the mechanism was proposed rather than experimentally demonstrated, and complete process metrics such as E-factor, process mass intensity, reaction mass efficiency, energy demand and life-cycle impact were not reported. The review places TPGS-750-M chemistry within the broader evolution of green pyranopyrazole synthesis and identifies opportunities in mechanistic studies, substrate expansion, closed-loop surfactant recovery, scale-up and quantitative green-chemistry assessment.
KEYWORDS
Aqueous TPGS-750-M-mediated multicomponent synthesis provides an attractive route to pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazoles because it combines a water-based reaction environment with rapid multicomponent bond construction, high reported yields, simple product isolation and demonstrated reuse of the surfactant-containing phase. The source study establishes an optimized model reaction at 2 wt% TPGS-750-M and 50 °C, with a broad aldehyde series giving 55–99% yields in 6–22 min. From a critical review perspective, however, the method should be described as a promising greener approach rather than as an unequivocally sustainable process. The proposed mechanism remains unverified, ethanol is used in isolation, the recycling experiment shows declining performance, and quantitative process-level green metrics are absent. The greatest opportunity for future work is therefore to combine the demonstrated synthetic efficiency with mechanistic evidence, closed-loop surfactant recovery, scale-up and rigorous sustainability accounting. Such developments could establish aqueous micellar chemistry as a more general platform for sustainable multicomponent heterocycle synthesis.
1. Cetin A, Bayden MY. Aqueous TPGS-750-M-mediated synthesis of pyrano[2,3-c]-pyrazoles: a sustainable and efficient approach. Research on Chemical Intermediates. 2024;50:2827–2840. DOI: 10.1007/s11164-024-05280-y. 2. Lipshutz BH, Ghorai S, Abela AR, Nishikata T, Duplais C, Gadwood RC, et al. TPGS-750-M: a second-generation amphiphile for metal-catalyzed cross-couplings in water at room temperature. Journal of Organic Chemistry. 2011;76:4379–4391. 3. Ahmad A, Rao S, Shetty NS. Green multicomponent synthesis of pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole derivatives: current insights and future directions. RSC Advances. 2023;13:28798–28833. DOI: 10.1039/D3RA05570A. 4. Sikandar S, Zahoor AF. Synthesis of pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazoles: a review. Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry. 2021. 5. Ratanpara P, Chavda R, Kanaiya PH, Sharma MG. Recent advances in catalytic approaches for pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole synthesis: green and sustainable perspectives. ChemistrySelect. 2025;10(12):e202405906. DOI: 10.1002/slct.202405906. 6. Hastings CJ, DiNola MS, Petratos E, Veltri EJ. Catalysis and inhibition of ester hydrolysis by encapsulation in micelles derived from designer surfactant TPGS-750-M. Tetrahedron. 2023;133:133271. DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2023.133271. 7. Hastings CJ, Adams NP, Bushi J, Kolb SJ. One-pot chemoenzymatic reactions in water enabled by micellar encapsulation. Green Chemistry. 2020;22:6187–6193. 8. Vasuki G, Kumaravel K. Tetrahedron Letters. 2008;49:5636. 9. Reddy MM, Jayashankar VP, Pasha MA. Synthetic Communications. 2010;40:2930. 10. Mecadon H, Rohman MR, Kharbangar I, Laloo BM, Kharkongor I, Rajbangshi M, Myrboh B. Tetrahedron Letters. 2011;52:3228
Publication Date
9/18/2026
Peer Review Type
Double-Blind Peer Review
Review Rounds: 2
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