Trusted Blockchain-Based Traceability System for Fruit and Vegetable Agricultural Products

The increasing demand for transparency and food safety in agricultural supply chains has highlighted the need for reliable traceability systems. Traditional methods of tracking fruits and vegetables rely on centralized databases and manual record-keeping, which are prone to data tampering, inefficiency, and limited visibility across stakeholders. This paper presents TraceAg, a Trusted Blockchain-Based Traceability System designed as a full-stack decentralized application (DApp) using React 19, Solidity smart contracts deployed on the Ethereum Sepolia testnet, and Ethers.js for blockchain integration. A role-based access control (RBAC) mechanism governs all interactions among Farmers, Distributors, Retailers, and Consumers. Smart contracts automate data recording and verification, while QR code scanning enables consumers to access complete, tamper-proof product histories without any login or wallet requirement. The system successfully records immutable product batches on-chain, enforces role-based permissions, and delivers real-time supply chain visibility from farm to consumer.