Underground Cable Fault Distance Detector using ATmega328 Microcontroller

The installation of an underground cable system is a standard practice in many places and industrial units. “When a problem arises in this system for any reason, the mending procedure for that damaged cable becomes complicated due to the inability to pinpoint the particular position of the faulty cable. In this paper, the basic concept of Ohm’s law is used to determine the location of fault in underground cable lines from the source station to exact location of fault in any units here in kilometers. The basic notion of Ohm’s law is employed in this article to establish the exact position of a fault in subterranean cable lines from the source station to any units here in kilometers. That is, if there is a short circuit in the form of a line to ground, the voltage across series resistors changes accordingly, which is then fed to an ADC built into an already programmed microcontroller to create the exact data that will display the exact location of the fault in kilometers from the source station on the connected LCD, as well as the corresponding R, Y, B phase where the fault occurred with the exact distance. The Atmega 328P microcontroller and a rectified power supply are utilized in this research. The current sensing of circuits formed using a mixture of resistors is interfaced to the ATmega328 microcontroller using an internally included ADC to provide digital data to the microcontroller. The collection of switches is the source of the malfunction”. The Solid-State Relay driver is in charge of the Solid-State Relays. The phase and position of the fault in kilometers are shown on a 16×2 LCD display linked to the microcontroller.