Valorization of waste biomass sources to biofuels, bioenergy and biomaterials: Integration of conversion technologies

This paper outlined the significance of energy for world prosperity in detail and emphasizes the possibility of using agricultural waste as a renewable energy source. Various thermochemical conversion methods, such as gasification, liquefaction, pyrolysis, and torrefaction offer efficient ways to produce biofuels and bio-oils from biomass. Biological conversion technologies like anaerobic digestion and photobiological hydrogen production also play a significant role in generating usable energy from waste. Advanced and hybrid conversion technologies, such as HiTAG/HiTSG and integrative treatment processes, provide innovative solutions for converting solid waste into valuable products, contributing to a sustainable circular bioeconomy. Agro waste biomass and animal waste biomass are converted into valuable products like bioenergy, biochar, and biogas through processes such as anaerobic digestion and pyrolysis. These practices mitigate pollution, promote renewable energy, and enhance soil fertility, contributing to a circular economy and reducing reliance on finite fossil resources. Strategic waste management is essential for sustainable resource utilization and environmental stewardship.    

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