A Comprehensive Review EV CHARGING USING SOLAR ENERGY WITH IOT-BASED DATA MONITORING

Although solar-powered EV charging with IoT monitoring is a sustainable and intelligent solution, several technical, operational, and economic challenges limit its large-scale implementation. ·                  Solar energy is not constant and depends on environmental conditions, such as sunlight intensity, weather changes, time of day, and seasonal variations. This causes fluctuations in power generation, making it difficult to maintain a stable energy supply for EV charging without backup systems in place. ·                  The system requires multiple components, such as solar PV panels, MPPT controllers, battery storage units, power converters, and IoT devices. The integration of both energy and communication systems increases the installation cost and makes the overall system more complex to design and maintain. ·                  Battery energy storage systems are necessary to store excess solar energy; however, they have limitations, such as limited capacity, degradation over time, long charging times, and high replacement costs. These constraints affect the continuous availability of the stored energy. IoT-based monitoring relies on communication networks such as Wi-Fi, GSM, and Bluetooth. In many cases, network coverage may be weak or unstable, leading to issues such as data transmission delays, signal loss, and unreliable remote monitoring

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