AI-Enabled Low Power Adaptive Digital Frequency Synthesizer Architecture on FPGA Using Machine Learning Based Optimization Technique

This research presented an AI-enabled low-power adaptive Digital Frequency Synthesizer architecture implemented on FPGA using machine learning-based optimization techniques. The proposed architecture integrates an intelligent optimization controller with a conventional DFS structure to automatically select optimal hardware parameters. The proposed approach addresses major challenges associated with traditional FPGA-based frequency synthesizers, including high power consumption, increased hardware utilization, and limited adaptability. By applying machine learning algorithms for parameter optimization, the proposed system achieves improved power efficiency, reduced FPGA resource utilization, and enhanced spectral performance. The developed AI-assisted DFS architecture provides a promising solution for future high-performance and energy-efficient communication systems requiring precise and adaptive frequency generation. The proposed architecture synthesized using FPGA design tools such as Xilinx Vivado.

[1] A Technical Tutorial on Digital Signal Synthesis, Analog Devices, Norwood, MA, USA, 1999, pp. 1–122. [Online]. Available:http://www.ieee.li/pdf/essay/dds.pdf [2] K. A. Essenwanger and V. S. Reinhardt, “Sine output DDSs. A survey of the state of the art,” in Proc. Annu. IEEE Int. Freq. Control Symp., Pasadena, CA, USA, 1998, pp. 370–378. [3] V. S. Reinhardt, “Spur reduction techniques in direct digital synthesizers,” in Proc. Annu. Freq. Control Symp., Salt Lake City, UT, USA, 1993, pp. 230–241. [4] A. Rahman, K. Abdullah-Al-Kafi, A. T. Islam, and M. Rahman,“Optimized hardware architecture for implementing IEEE 754 standard double precision floating point adder/subtractor,” in Proc.17th Int. Conf. Comput. Inf. Technol. (ICCIT), Dhaka, Bangladesh, 2014,pp. 147–152. [5] R. A. Fratti, “Direct digital synthesis of quadrature modulated signals,” U.S. Patent 20 140 079 154 A1, 2012. [Online]. Available: https://patents.google.com/patent/US20140079154 [6] D. S. Purdy and H. W. Swinford, “Apparatus for and method of forming multiple simultaneous electronically scanned beams using direct digital synthesis,” U.S. Patent 6 778 138 B2, 2004. [Online]. Available: https://patents.google.com/patent/US6778138B2/en [7] S. Sullivan, R. Veith, I. Akiyama, and Y. Fujisawa, “Triggered DDS pulse generator architecture,” U.S. Patent 20 050 138 094 A1, 2003. [Online]. Available: https://patents.google.com/patent/US20050138094 [8] J. Vankka, “Methods of mapping from phase to sine amplitude in direct digital synthesis,” IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control, vol. 44, no. 2, pp. 526–534, Mar. 1997. [9] A. V. Oppenheim and R. W. Schafer, Discrete-Time Signal Processing.Upper Saddle River, NJ, USA: Prentice Hall, 2009. [10] D. Feucht, Handbook of Analog Circuit Design. San Diego, CA, USA: Academic, 2014.