MINI SUBMARINE FOR UNDERWATER OBJECT DETECTION– A Review

Aquaculture has become an essential source of food for millions of people worldwide, and it is also a significant contributor to the global food economy. According to recent studies, the aquaculture sector has been growing rapidly, and it currently accounts for almost 50% of the fish consumed globally. However, fish farmers face significant challenges, such as inadequate water quality control systems, major illnesses, and environmental pollution, which can lead to substantial losses. Open net cage and land-based fish farms discharge wastewater containing harmful substances into the surrounding environment, highlighting the need for regular water quality monitoring. Ensuring a safe and controlled environment for fish production is critical, and intelligent monitoring and control systems are necessary to achieve this goal. These systems can lead to economic benefits, reduced risks, and increased yields, making aquaculture a more sustainable and profitable industry. One promising technology that can improve monitoring efficiency and reduce human error is the use of autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) in cage aquaculture. AUVs can operate in harsh and challenging environments, such as underwater areas with low visibility, and they can collect data on water quality, temperature, and other environmental factors. This data can be transmitted in real-time to a control center, allowing farmers to monitor the condition of their cages continuously. Additionally, AUVs can be equipped with cameras, sensors, and other instruments to provide detailed information on the fish’s health and behavior. Implementing AUVs in cage aquaculture can improve the industry’s sustainability by reducing waste and minimizing environmental pollution. AUVs can also provide a valuable tool for surveillance activities, allowing fish farmers to detect illegal fishing and other unauthorized activities. Furthermore, AUVs can aid in infrastructure inspection, helping to identify and repair damaged ca