Epidemiology, Types, Causes, Clinical Presentation, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Hypothyroidism
Chiya bansal
Guide :- Sunita Rani (M pharma)
Assosiate professor
Smt. Tarawati institute bio medical allide of science (roorkee)
Co guide:- Himanshu Sharma(M pharma)
Assistant professor
Hari college of pharmacy (Saharanpur)
Abstract
Hypothyroidism is the condition when the thyroid gland is underactive. This reduces the thyroid gland's ability to function properly. It is a common endocrine condition characterized by hyposecretion of thyroid hormones, primarily thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). It affects people of all ages, but is more prevalent in women and the elderly. Hypothyroidism symptoms might go unreported, are nonspecific, and overlap with other illnesses, making it difficult to diagnose in some situations. Fatigue, weight gain, cold intolerance, irregular bowel movements, and dry skin are some of the most common symptoms. These disorders are generally caused by a poor metabolic rate in the bodyWeight gain results from a decrease in fat-burning rate and cold intolerance caused by the body's decreased heat output. Several causes can contribute to this syndrome, including autoimmune diseases, radiation therapy, thyroid gland removal operations, and certain drugs. Laboratory tests measuring thyroid hormone (T3 and T4) levels in the blood are used to diagnose hypothyroidism. Treatment usually entails lifelong hormone replacement therapy with synthetic thyroid hormone replacement medicine, such as levothyroxine, to help control hormone levels in the body. People with hypothyroidism may require medication dose adjustments over time. If hypothyroidism is not treated, it can lead to serious consequences such as mental retardation, delayed milestones, and heart failure in infants, as well as infertility, myxedema coma, and other difficulties in adults. The symptoms of hypothyroidism can be adequately managed with appropriate therapy, and the majority of persons with the illness can live normally. Lifestyle changes, such as eating healthier and exercising more frequently, can help manage symptoms and improve Life quality.
