Modelling and Analysis of Wind Turbine using Permanent Magnet synchronous generator for Maximum Power Tracking Control
1. INTRODUCTION
Wind energy has gained popularity in recent years due to a number of advantages, including the fact that it is clean, endless, exhaustible, and secure. The wind energy conversion system takes the available power (sometimes the maximum) from the wind turbine and converts it to electrical energy through a series of procedures.
Variable rotation speed wind turbines, also known as VSWTs, are primarily used in electrical power systems and, in some cases, in WECSs. The doubly fed induction generators (DFIGs) or permanent magnet synchronous generators (PMSGs) are commonly used in VSWT-driven systems [1–3]. The PMSG-based WTs have been widely utilised and gained relevance due to substantial advantages such as a simplified structure, low maintenance costs, the ability to track maximum power, and simplicity of operation at higher power factors [4–8]. Furthermore, WTs with several megawatts are being created, which is fueled by the PMSG [4]. Machine side converter (MSC) and grid side converter (GSC) are the terms used in this article. These are mostly introduced for converters that convert ac/dc and dc/ac in a WECS (wind energy conversion system) with a PMSG and are fed into the utility grid [9]. MSC is a machine-side converter that consists of a voltage source converter (VSC) that uses pulse width modulation or can be created using a bridge rectifier with diodes and a boost circuit, whereas GSC is a normal VSC converter.
The synchronous generator fitted WT with an ac/dc converter and boost converter circuit is used in this paper. Figure 1 shows a block schematic of the WECS coupled to a PMSG with a diode bridge rectifier, boost converter, and GSC. The boost converter maximises the output dc voltage of the rectifier to a regulated dc voltage that matches the value necessary for the successful operation of the GSC, and then the diode bridge converts this variable output ac voltage from the PMSG to the dc voltage. The dc/dc boost circuit guarantees that the generator speed is at its greatest value in order to capture the maximum power available from wind power. GSC allows for the controlled maintenance of dc-link voltage while concurrently transferring MSC-related real power to the mains. In the meantime, it aids in the regulation of reactive power that the turbine exchanges with the load [10].