A Performance Analysis of Wearable Exoskeleton joint Design for Mobility Assistance

Wearable exoskeletons have emerged as an effective assistive technology to restore and enhance mobility for individuals suffering from musculoskeletal disorders, spinal injuries, or age-related impairments. Among the different types, knee exoskeletons play a pivotal role as the knee joint is crucial in human locomotion, weight-bearing, and stability. This review paper presents a comprehensive analysis of recent advancements in the mechanical design, material selection, actuation mechanisms, and performance analysis of knee exoskeletons. Emphasis is placed on lightweight design, structural optimization, ergonomic considerations, and functional performance metrics such as range of motion (ROM), load-bearing capacity, fatigue resistance, and user comfort. Comparative insights into active, passive, and hybrid designs are provided, along with the integration of modern technologies such as Finite Element Analysis (FEA), CAD modeling, and lightweight composites. Furthermore, challenges including weight constraints, power efficiency, cost factors, and biomechanical alignment are highlighted. Finally, the review outlines future directions emphasizing bio-inspired designs, additive manufacturing, energy harvesting mechanisms, and low-cost wearable solutions. This paper intends to serve as a resource for researchers, engineers, and clinicians developing next-generation wearable exoskeleton systems suitable for healthcare, rehabilitation, and occupational support.