A Review of Blockchain-Enabled IOT Frameworks for Secure Supply Chain and Logistics Monitoring

The rapid growth of global supply chains has increased the demand for secure, transparent, and reliable monitoring mechanisms, particularly for sensitive goods such as pharmaceuticals, food products, and hazardous materials. Traditional supply chain management systems rely heavily on centralized architectures, which suffer from limitations including data tampering, lack of traceability, single points of failure, and limited trust among stakeholders. In recent years, the integration of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies with blockchain has emerged as a promising solution to address these challenges. This paper presents a comprehensive review of blockchain-enabled IoT frameworks proposed for secure supply chain and logistics monitoring. Existing literature is systematically analysed to examine how IoT-based sensing, cloud and edge computing, and blockchain-based authorization mechanisms are combined to improve transparency, integrity, and accountability across logistics operations. The review highlights commonly adopted architectural models, security strategies, and data management approaches, while also identifying key challenges such as scalability, latency, resource constraints, and real-world deployment feasibility. Furthermore, this study compares existing solutions based on their technological focus, application domains, and limitations. The review concludes by outlining open research gaps and future directions, emphasizing the need for lightweight, scalable, and practical frameworks capable of supporting large-scale logistics ecosystems.