A Review Paper on Bridging Technology and Ecology: Review on Renewable Energy Systems and Green Construction Materials

The idea of sustainable architecture has transformed from a specialized concept into a fundamental aspect of modern urban planning, especially in Maharashtra, where accelerated urbanization has amplified environmental pressures. This study evaluates the design performance and environmental impact of two notable GRIHA-rated projects—Raheja Vistas T12 & T13 in Pune and Raj Bhavan, Nagpur Division—which serve as models of green architecture in India. Both structures emphasize energy optimization, water efficiency, renewable energy utilization, and occupant well-being across residential and institutional contexts. Raheja Vistas, developed by K. Raheja Corp, achieves approximately 40.28% reduction in energy use and 33.72% savings in water through the implementation of high-performance materials, effective daylight utilization, low-flow sanitary fixtures, and waste-to-compost management systems. Conversely, the Raj Bhavan retrofitting project incorporates a 4 kWp solar photovoltaic installation, enabling a 32.85% renewable energy contribution and a 40.79% decrease in water usage while maintaining the site’s architectural heritage. These case studies highlight Maharashtra’s proactive role in advancing India’s green building movement, guided by IGBC and GRIHA frameworks. Their achievements demonstrate how policy support, design innovation, and interdisciplinary collaboration can make sustainability not only an ecological necessity but also a driver of economic strength, improved quality of life, and progress toward the nation’s long-term net-zero carbon objectives.