A Study on Sociopetal Spaces and Social Wellbeing in Gerontological Co-Housing

India is undergoing a significant demographic transition marked by population ageing, rapid urbanisation, and changing family structures. As traditional joint-family systems decline, many older adults experience increased social isolation and reduced participation in community life. Gerontological co-housing has emerged as an alternative residential model that combines independent living with shared spaces designed to foster social engagement and community-based support. However, limited architectural research in the Indian context examines how the design of these shared spaces influences social interaction and wellbeing.This study investigates the role of sociopetal space environments that promote direct human contact, in shaping social participation and perceived wellbeing in gerontological co-housing. Focusing on Tier 1 and Tier 2 cities in South India, the research employs a mixed-method approach integrating literature review, spatial analysis, and behavioural mapping. Two case studies, Suvidha Retirement Homes and The Rainbow by Benny Kuriakose, were comparatively analysed based on spatial layout, connectivity, clustering of shared areas, proximity relationships, and transitional zones. Findings indicate that clustered housing units, semi-open communal spaces, shaded corridors, and strong visual connectivity encourage spontaneous interaction and sustained relationships. Conversely, segregated layouts and extended circulation paths limit casual engagement. The study establishes an analytical framework to guide evidence-based design decisions for socially supportive elderly housing in India.