Comparative Seismic Analysis of Multistorey Building Using Steel Beam and Concrete Column In E-Tabs

The rapid increase in urban population has necessitated the construction of high-rise buildings capable of efficiently resisting seismic forces while maintaining structural economy. Conventional reinforced concrete (RCC) systems, though widely used, often exhibit limitations in stiffness, displacement control, and material efficiency when subjected to strong earthquakes. In recent years, steel–concrete hybrid structural systems have gained attention due to their ability to combine the ductility and tensile strength of steel with the compressive strength and durability of concrete. In this study, the seismic behaviour of a G+20 multistorey building incorporating steel beam–concrete column hybrid framing is investigated. Four analytical models are developed using ETABS software: a conventional RCC framed structure and three hybrid configurations with selective replacement of reinforced concrete beams by steel beams. Linear dynamic analysis is carried out using the Response Spectrum Method and Linear Time History Analysis based on Bhuj earthquake ground motion. Key seismic response parameters such as storey stiffness, storey displacement, storey drift, storey shear, and overturning moment are evaluated for Seismic Zones III, IV, and V. The results indicate that hybrid structural systems exhibit significantly higher stiffness and reduced lateral displacements compared to conventional RCC frames. The replacement of all RC beams with steel beams demonstrates the maximum improvement in seismic performance; however, partial replacement schemes also achieve comparable reductions in displacement and drift. The study concludes that steel beam–concrete column hybrid systems offer an efficient and practical alternative for high-rise buildings in seismic regions