Cost-Effective Sensors Interfaced with a Microcontroller Equipped with Wi-Fi Capability, Enabling Seamless Transmission of Collected Data to a Cloud-Based Dashboard for Real-Time Visualization and Analytical Assessment

Indoor air quality has emerged as a major public health and environmental priority in recent years, driven by rapid urban expansion, increased industrial activities, and the growing amount of time people spend within enclosed buildings. Numerous studies reveal that the concentration of harmful pollutants indoors can often exceed outdoor levels, leading to respiratory illnesses, reduced concentration and productivity, and long-term adverse effects on human well-being. To address this issue, the present work introduces an IoT-enabled indoor air quality monitoring system designed to continuously track key environmental parameters such as temperature, humidity, carbon dioxide levels, and particulate matter (PM2.5/PM10). The system incorporates cost-effective sensors interfaced with a microcontroller equipped with Wi-Fi capability, enabling seamless transmission of collected data to a cloud-based dashboard for real-time visualization and analytical assessment. The stored information supports remote access, automated warning alerts, and informed decision-making related to ventilation improvement and environmental control. Performance evaluation indicates that the proposed model delivers accurate, reliable, and stable measurements suitable for deployment in residential, educational, healthcare, commercial, and industrial infrastructure. By providing a scalable, affordable, and user-friendly solution, this work supports the development of smart infrastructure and contributes toward sustainable environmental management.