BATTERY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Electric Vehicles (EVs) are becoming a key solution to fight climate change and reduce pollution. One of the most important parts of an EV is the Battery Management System (BMS), which helps keep the battery healthy, manages charging and discharging, and controls its temperature. It explores key technologies of Battery Management System, including battery modeling, state estimation, and battery charging. Additionally, The Battery Management System performs a wide range of tasks, including as monitoring voltage and current, estimating charge and discharge, equalizing and protecting the battery, managing temperature conditions, and managing battery data. The BMS is responsible for monitoring and controlling key battery parameters such as voltage, current, temperature, state of charge (SOC), and state of health (SOH). It also performs essential functions like cell balancing, fault detection, thermal management, and communication with other vehicle control units. A universal charging method is also an important development, as it allows EVs from different manufacturers and with different battery types to use the same charging stations. This standardization not only makes charging more convenient for users but also ensures compatibility, reduces infrastructure costs, and supports faster adoption of EVs worldwide. Overall, these EV battery systems make vehicles safer, cheaper, more efficient, and more eco-friendly. They also point out where future work is needed, such as better models, wireless tech, and smart energy use.