How Our Moral Compass Shapes Well-Being: Exploring How ‘Good,’ ‘Right,’ and ‘Ought’ Influence Mental Health

How Our Moral Compass Shapes Well-Being: Exploring How ‘Good,’ ‘Right,’ and ‘Ought’ Influence Mental Health

Ratan Pramanick

Teacher-In-Charge, Bhimpur Mohanananda College of Education

Abstract

This study examines how distinct moral value orientations—good, right, and ought—shape psychological well-being and mental health outcomes across diverse adult populations. While ethical frameworks have long guided human judgment and behavior, their differential cognitive and emotional consequences remain understudied. Drawing on moral philosophy, social psychology, and clinical research, we conceptualize the orientation toward the good as grounded in compassion, flourishing, and prosocial intention; the orientation toward the right as rule-based, justice-focused, and anchored in duty or fairness; and the orientation toward the ought as obligation-driven, often experienced as internalized expectations or moral pressure. Using a mixed-methods comparative design (N = 46), we evaluated how these orientations predict markers of mental health, including anxiety, depressive symptoms, resilience, and life satisfaction. Quantitative analyses revealed that individuals primarily oriented toward the good exhibited significantly higher well-being and resilience, suggesting that value systems centered on compassion and human flourishing correlate with more adaptive emotional regulation. In contrast, a strong orientation toward the ought was associated with elevated anxiety and self-critical rumination, indicating that obligation-centric ethics may heighten vulnerability to stress. The right orientation produced mixed outcomes, supporting fairness and coherence in decision-making while sometimes amplifying rigidity under moral conflict. Qualitative interviews deepened these findings, revealing that the felt tone of each orientation—expansive for good, structured for right, and demanding for ought—fundamentally shapes lived experience. Overall, results highlight the ethical compass as an important psychological construct and suggest that cultivating value orientations Emphasizing compassion over coercive obligation may support healthier mental functioning.

Keywords: moral value orientation; ethical compass; good–right–ought; mental health; resilience; obligation‑based morality;